route planning Archives

Samsara Unveils Major Safety and AI Upgrades

Posted on 25 June, 20251 August, 2025 by David Priestman

Samsara has just launched more than a dozen new safety and AI-powered tools designed to make physical operations safer, smarter, and more efficient than ever before. Launched at its annual Beyond conference in San Diego, David Priestman reports.

Fuelled by Samsara’s open platform, these first-of-their-kind solutions empower organisations to operate smarter and fundamentally alter the industry’s approach to the safety of frontline teams. These new solutions include AI-powered safety tools, a new connected wearable, advanced routing and navigation capabilities and enhanced maintenance tools.

“We’ve entered the age of intelligence, and AI is helping our customers operate smarter,” said Sanjit Biswas, CEO and co-founder of Samsara. “We’re partnering with our customers to build products that help them run safer, more efficient operations and protect frontline workers while saving millions of dollars.”Samsara has invested more than $1bn in research and development to date. By leveraging its more than 14 trillion data points, the company is continuing its innovation leadership with the launch of several new products and enhancements.

Reward drivers, spot risks and prevent incidents in real time

Driving ranks among the top 10 most dangerous jobs. Over the past decade, there has been a 49% increase in fatal crashes, coupled with a 40% increase in associated insurance premiums in the USA. Samsara offers advanced technology to help detect risky driving events, such as phone use or speeding; now, several new AI-fuelled features have been added to improve fleet safety and reward safe driving:

● AI Multi-Cam: Drivers can now add up to four additional HD cameras, providing a 360-degree view to reduce blind spots, all accessible via an in-cab monitor. In addition, the AI Multi-Cam actively notifies drivers in real time of hazards, such as pedestrians and cyclists. Whether using a Samsara camera or a third-party device, administrators can retrieve historic video footage and corresponding audio to help quickly resolve incidents.

● Weather Intelligence: Administrators can now overlay real-time weather data pulled from the National Weather Service onto the existing dashboards to view and alert workers of imminent threats such as fire risks, heavy rain and more.

● Safety Coaching for Lean Teams: A new set of customisable features helps administrators with lean safety teams to scale driver coaching and recognition with AI and automation. AI analyses hundreds of risky driving events – considering factors such as severity, frequency, road conditions and total drive time – and automatically sends low-risk behaviours to drivers for self-coaching and escalates higher-risk events to managers. Furthermore, AI provides insight into big-picture behavioural trends across drivers and trips, so managers can coach based on driving patterns rather than just isolated incidents.

● Revamped Driver App: As the No. 1 driver app in both major app stores, the Samsara app now includes TikTok-style training videos to boost engagement and end-of-day reviews to help with driver coaching. Designed to act as a companion for drivers throughout the day, the app now offers new gamification features and recognition tools to reinforce positive, safe behaviour. For example, administrators can send gift cards that can be redeemed at popular dining, entertainment and shopping locations directly through the app.

“Getting drivers home safe is one of our primary goals at Samsara, a priority we share with every one of our more than 10,000 customers,” said Johan Land, SVP of Product and Engineering at Samsara. “Thanks to rapid advancements in AI technology, we’ve been able to build new products that are now empowering drivers to make better decisions on the road and equipping safety teams with the tools for faster, more effective feedback. AI is increasingly becoming a powerful ally in protecting drivers, and Samsara is at the forefront of this trend.”

Worker Safety Beyond the Vehicle: New wearable joins the fleet

The need to keep frontline teams safe extends beyond the vehicle to both local jobsites and remote locations. To help protect frontline workers outside of the vehicle, Samsara is introducing the Samsara Wearable. The new connected device is powered by the Samsara network of millions of devices and enables quick response and protection in any environment. With the addition of the wearable, organisations now have access to a holistic safety offering that can help predict risk, reduce accidents and alert administrators to urgent needs of their frontline workers. The new Samsara Wearable offers several benefits, including:

● More than one year of battery life: The Samsara network replaces the need for cellular connectivity, equipping the Samsara Wearable with a battery life of more than one year. This charge life far surpasses the industry standard of 24 hours, providing reliable access to everywhere customers operate.
● One-click protection: With one click, workers can connect to emergency services, who can immediately pinpoint their precise location and access a real-time audio recording of the situation. The small, lightweight device is easy to use and gives workers an added layer of protection in the field.
● Fall detection: The Samsara Wearable can automatically detect and respond to falls in situations such as slips on icy pavements and falls from heights such as scaffolding, cranes or trailers.
● Proactive threat alerts: In the case of severe weather or wildfires, fleet managers can proactively check in on workers and alert them of the unsafe conditions via push notifications to the device.
● One platform: Samsara connects driver and worker safety in one system, allowing for faster response times and visibility across the entire fleet.

Smarter, Easier Routing

Historically, commercial fleets have relied on a patchwork of incomplete maps and manual processes to plan routes and guide drivers. These legacy maps are updated as infrequently as every one to five years, leading to inefficient routes, missed delivery windows and increased driver stress. Samsara’s new Route Planning and Commercial Navigation products offer a modern, integrated alternative that helps fleets cut costs, stay compliant and deliver more reliably.

● Route Planning: Building on existing routing capabilities, Samsara now integrates directly with fleet operators’ sales systems to pinpoint the most efficient routes and delivery schedules for customers’ fleets. These advanced routing capabilities consider variables such as vehicle limitations, compliance requirements for drivers, customer delivery windows, as well as traffic and weather patterns, to stay within promised delivery windows and avoid unnecessary fuel usage. Early Samsara data suggests a 15% reduction in the number of vehicles required for deliveries and a reduction of manual back-office routing time, turning routing into a competitive advantage.

● Commercial Navigation: Samsara can now overlay fleet-specific restrictions such as weight, height and hazmat directly onto standard digital maps to provide more accurate turn-by-turn directions. By combining this insight with information such as hours of service within the Samsara Driver App, drivers can access everything they need in a single location to remain compliant and on time.

“Samsara has made a significant impact on our operations, saving $7.75 million annually across our three fleets by helping us optimise planned versus actuals route improvements,“ said Andy Yearout, VP of Transportation & Logistics at Mohawk Industries. “With the new Route Planning capability, we expect to see a reduction in daily route planning time from hours to minutes.”

Asset Maintenance and Visibility

Vehicle maintenance violations comprise 60% of all US Department of Transportation offences, resulting in substantial financial penalties and costly vehicle downtime. To help minimise these disruptions, Samsara has introduced several new preventative maintenance features, including Vehicle Inspection, Fault Code Intelligence, Automated Work Orders and Level Monitoring.

● Vehicle Inspection: Now, drivers can simplify the vehicle inspection process by automatically converting inspection notes from voice to text. In turn, managers can ensure that reports are properly completed by viewing drivers’ walkaround paths, the duration of the inspection and quality of the report photos. To help maintain compliance, the platform triggers real-time alerts for missing vehicle inspections, monitors FMCSA data, reviews inspection result and violations and audits driver behaviour. This AI-powered functionality works in low-connectivity and loud environments and results in faster inspections and streamlined repairs and maintenance.
● Fault Code Intelligence and Automated Work Orders: This optimisation extends to the back office, where fleet administrators can view the Vehicle Inspections in a unified dashboard. Fault code intelligence automatically deciphers the codes and uses AI to create maintenance work orders. In addition, Samsara now offers AI invoice scanning to help quickly upload external vendor invoices into the platform, reducing administrative time and errors associated with manual entries.
● Level Monitoring: With level monitoring, organisations have near real-time visibility into levels across a wide range of tank types. This insight enables improved tank utilisation and the ability to optimise inventory.

“Physical operations organisations are at the forefront of adopting AI because it saves lives. It also drives a more efficient use of labour, fuel and energy savings, and higher utilisation of capital assets,” said Kiren Sekar, Chief Product Officer, Samsara. “With the rollout of Samsara’s new AI-powered solutions, we are giving physical operations leaders a real partner on both safety and efficiency.”

HappyRobot Integration

Continuing its commitment to bring cutting-edge AI to its customers, Samsara today announced a new partnership with HappyRobot, a pioneer in AI-powered voice solutions for the logistics sector. Samsara Ventures also announced an investment in HappyRobot to reflect our belief in its vision and the transformative potential of agentic AI.

HappyRobot offers truly human-like agentic AI to automate communications via phone, email and text to boost efficiency and improve customer satisfaction. Organisations can use agents to automatically call drivers or customers to notify them of shift details or order status, to navigate phone trees, negotiate contracts with freight brokers and even for screening, hiring and onboarding.

HappyRobot users are automating more than 20 million conversations annually, reducing call times by half and cutting operational costs by a third. Existing Samsara customers like Werner are seeing tremendous value from HappyRobot’s technology.

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AI-powered Transport Operations Platform Upgraded

Routing Solution

Descartes’ routing solution is part of its cloud-based last mile delivery solution suite, which helps distribution-intensive companies improve operational efficiency and customer experience. It supports dynamic delivery requirements, including same-day delivery, by offering flexible, efficient and cost-effective time windows and delivery options. Using advanced optimisation technology, the solution reduces the distance driven per delivery to maximize delivery capacity and optimize the productivity of mobile resources. With an integrated GPS-based mobile application, the solution coordinates drivers, dispatchers and call centers to ensure routes are executed according to plan and exceptions are handled efficiently. Electronic proof of delivery (ePOD) captures delivery details and streamlines the delivery process, and self-service customer engagement allows customers to track orders in real-time. Additionally, the solution improves delivery sustainability through increased route productivity, which lowers CO2 emissions per delivery, drives fuel savings and eliminates paper manifests and documents.

“We’re pleased that our routing solution is helping Wren achieve even higher standards of customer service excellence and exceptional productivity gains, which are driving compelling bottom line benefits,” said Gary Taylor, VP Sales, EMEA, Descartes. “For companies with service-driven vehicle fleets, like Wren, efficient routing is critical in overcoming the challenges associated with rising customer demands and labour shortages. Descartes’ route planning and execution solutions help companies of all sizes in diverse industries transform operational performance and heighten the customer experience.”

Advance Calculation of New Toll Prices

Posted on 30 November, 20237 August, 2025 by David Priestman

PTV Logistics today announced the availability of a new toll calculation in PTV Map&Guide and PTV Developer products for Germany and Austria. This enhanced functionality is based on the official announcements of toll rates from Germany and Austria. The update allows customers to calculate their costs based on the new toll fees and reliably estimate the resulting costs in advance.

The new toll calculation enhancement offers companies a practical solution to respond to the legal requirements in Germany and Austria in a timely manner. In Germany, the introduction of CO2 emission classes for truck tolls will come into effect on December 1, 2023. The new toll tariff regulation in Austria, which also involves the introduction of a tariff for traffic-related CO2 emissions, will take effect in 2024.

Customers that use PTV Map&Guide, or PTV Developer, receive updated toll predictions and accurate toll prices at any time. Multiple factors such as vehicle type, distance travelled and time of day are all factored into the toll calculation for customers. Accurate toll prices are a critical factor in professional route planning. Toll costs can represent a significant portion of total transportation costs and therefore have a significant impact on the financial decisions of companies.

“With the developer components from PTV Logistics, we have been able to reliably calculate toll costs for years,” says Thomas Pentza, IT-Leiter of Geis-Gruppe Deutschland. “We always have the current tariffs, sometimes even before they come into effect so that we can calculate our offers precisely in advance.”

“We believe that the new toll calculation enhancements in PTV Map&Guide and PTV Developer will help our customers save money and time to ultimately have a positive impact on their business profitability and sustainability goals,” says Knuth Sexauer, Chief Commercial Officer, PTV Logistics. The new toll calculator enhancement in PTV Map&Guide and PTV Developer is now available to customers.

Greenplan joins Route Planning Elite

Posted on 9 November, 202329 July, 2025 by David Priestman

Another success for Greenplan: the EPG (Ehrhardt Partner Group) route planning solution has been included in the 2023 Gartner Market Guide for Vehicle Routing and Scheduling after just two years on the market. This milestone places Greenplan at the forefront of global route planning and execution systems. Its inclusion underscores the fact that Greenplan achieves great success thanks to its focus on users’ needs. Instead of being based on artificial intelligence, Greenplan uses the principles of discrete mathematics. This allows dispatchers to organize and manage their daily routing planning more efficiently based on their own individual experience and know-how.

With Greenplan, companies can already carry out efficient, sustainable route planning today. Customers demonstrably reduce kilometres, vehicles, and circuits, and typically bring about increases in efficiency of 10-30% compared to their previous route planning solution. Inclusion in the Market Guide for Vehicle Routing and Scheduling produced by the international research company Gartner is a further affirmation of how Greenplan has managed to gain a foothold on the global market. You will find the full report available for download at Download VRS Report.

A single solution for everything: Planning and managing routes

Greenplan allows ambitious dispatchers to plan and manage their routes optimally with the greatest possible efficiency. Clients set out their own individual requirements to ensure this is the case. The Greenplan tool can then be adapted to these requirements. Greenplan offers three solutions for this purpose in its product line. Greenplan Engine is the highly efficient algorithm, providing the basis for calculating the best possible routes. The solution is easy to integrate into all customary transport management systems. Greenplan Planning is based on the engine, offering not only planning but also the individual modelling of routes. This provides optimized route planning for the coming day during daily business activities. It also furnishes monthly or quarterly planning for skeleton circuits, or the strategic, long-term calculation of routes with simultaneous user rule checks, depending on the transportation management system used. It also allows easy adjustments to routes during day-to-day operations. Greenplan Execution can be used to monitor and manage how routes are implemented. This means it is easy to add new orders to a plan and amend the stop sequences or time window restrictions. What’s more, Greenplan Execution can be effortlessly extended to include the EPG ONE app. As part of delivery, digital delivery receipts can be created for proof of delivery using the driver app, which can display the ETA or provide individual time tracking, for example.

Artificial intelligence vs. dispatcher’s intelligence

Greenplan is conclusive proof that dispatchers continue to play a decisive role in route and circuit planning. “Artificial intelligence offers enormous benefits in many areas when the software learns over time what a “good” solution is and thus acquires human intelligence to a certain extent,” explains Clemens Beckmann, Greenplan CEO. “However, applying this logic to the complex field of circuit and route planning proves to be extremely difficult in many cases. This is because circuit planning depends on circumstances which change on a daily basis and can even change completely if a few new orders are added. Moreover, it is also not a good idea to learn from historical data when there is no clear metric for the quality of an individual solution in this case. There are also numerous special situations, such as road restrictions or special requirements for a delivery, which would be difficult for a software to learn quickly. That is why we rely on the logics of advanced mathematics for Greenplan and can thus fulfil the dispatchers’ individual requirements precisely.”

Dispatchers need a tool that they can use to plan and manage their routes efficiently to an optimum degree. For example, the routes planned by Greenplan do not need to be rectified since the tool already considers the dispatcher’s requirements if they have codified them. Greenplan thus systematically follows the dispatcher’s planning intelligence rather than relying on AI randomness, having internalized the underlying rule.

“In our experience, dispatchers like to understand why a route is planned as it is. With systematic algorithmic planning, this situation can largely be deduced and explained easily. This is not possible in the case of an AI-based route planning system. As far as we can see, AI is unable to provide an effective solution for tour and route planning. Good deterministic algorithms are much better suited for this purpose and cause less stress for dispatchers. Greenplan is a good instrument for an ambitious dispatcher,” adds Beckmann.

Butcher Rolls-Out Digital Distribution Tech

Posted on 19 September, 20237 August, 2025 by David Priestman

Walter Rose & Son, a British multi-award-winning butcher, has rolled-out a digital distribution system with software from Podfather. With a fleet of 28 vehicles delivering to catering establishments, high-end retailers, and homes across England, Walter Rose has transformed its distribution operation using Podfather’s route planning, vehicle check, delivery tracking, ETA notification and electronic proof of delivery solution.

The Walter Rose team uses Podfather to help plan delivery routes, and capture electronic vehicle checks before drivers leave the Devizes depot in Wiltshire. In the past, vehicle checks would have been collected on a paper sheet and delivered back to the transport office later. Now all teams have instant visibility if there is a defect that needs to be dealt with. All drivers use the Podfather app on a smartphone device. Job information is now sent straight from Podfather’s cloud-based back-office planning system to the driver hand-held removing reliance on handing out paper tickets and collating them when the driver returns.

“When I first saw the Podfather system I could clearly see that it ticked all the boxes in terms of what we needed to help update our delivery processes,” comments Gradyn Runyeard-Hunt, Transport Manager at Water Rose & Sons. “Walter Rose has been in business since 1847, much has changed since that time, but we were still relying on paper to plan and manage our deliveries. Now with Podfather in place, we have been able to move over to an automated system which is much better for us and our customers.”

Deliveries are now tracked via the app and customers are kept up to date with realistic ETA information, a function that is available to all Podfather core product users as standard. Once a driver has arrived at a customer site, electronic signatures and photographs are captured, as well as the precise time and location information that shows exactly what was delivered where when. Electronic proof of delivery has been a huge game changer for the team as they now have real-time visibility of what has been delivered where vital when some items are left unattended at the point of delivery.

“Podfather has made life so much easier as it gives us a clear picture of how our fleet is performing and what deliveries are being successfully made where all in real-time,” adds Runyeard-Hunt. “The support from the Podfather team has been exceptional, we really do feel it’s one of the best tech projects we’ve ever implemented.”

“Walter Rose is a fantastic example of what our core product is designed to do,” comments Colin McCreadie, Managing Director at Podfather. “We have designed an advanced, yet easy-to-use solution, that enables logistics operators to tackle the key issues that are inherent in the paper processes that so many companies still rely on.”

Podfather specialises in the development, delivery and support of route optimisation and electronic proof of delivery technology. A UK company headquartered in Edinburgh, Podfather works with companies of all shapes and sizes, from industry giants such as Tarmac and Breedon to well-known names such as Rexel and ODDBOX and everything else in between. Ideal for multi drop distribution operations, Podfather provides an end-to-end solution incorporating route planning and optimisation, vehicle checks, ETA notifications, tracking, electronic proof of delivery (ePOD) and reporting.

PTV Group and Conundra Continue Integration

Posted on 23 January, 202331 July, 2025 by David Priestman

PTV Group, Econolite and Conundra, along with backers Bridgepoint and Porsche have announced the further integration and strategic reorganization of the companies into two strong and distinct businesses serving their respective end markets: Mobility and Logistics.

In order to form a new pure-play software Logistics business, PTV Logistics and Conundra are integrating their respective resources to offer state-of-the-art software solutions for route planning and optimization with best-in-class algorithms and data, as well as additional use cases to enhance savings in logistics costs and emissions. Rebranding for Logistics is in progress and will be announced shortly.

Structure and leadership is as follows:

The PTV Logistics group joins forces with Conundra to form a global software provider for logistics solutions in route planning and optimization. This combined group will be led by newly appointed CEO, Steven De Schrijver, former CEO and Co-founder of Conundra. Abbas Mohaddes, former CEO of Econolite is appointed to Chairman of the Advisory Board for both businesses.

Mohaddes said, “Our focus remains to be market and demand driven, offering superior products and services to better plan and manage our transportation systems, sensitive to desire and needs of users, travellers and alike. We are committed to embrace Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) in support of global Mobility for Humanity.”

Carsten Kratz, Partner, and head of the DACH region at Bridgepoint, added “We made great progress during 2022 with the integration of PTV and Econolite, while acquiring Conundra and other enhancing assets. This rebranding and reorganization are the logical next steps in enhancing our growth and our quest for global market leadership. This is a big milestone for us, and we’ll continue to invest in both businesses.”

Lutz Meschke, member of the board of management responsible for investment management at Porsche SE, stated “The new strategic setup of the mobility and logistics businesses marks yet another important milestone in the development of PTV, Econolite, and Conundra. We look forward to further supporting the development of both businesses.”

Steven De Schrijver, Logistics group, Chief Executive Officer, added “Our goal is to provide exceptional optimization tools, that meet and exceed the expectations of the global Logistics marketplace.”

PTV Logistics is a leading global software company for planning, calculating, and optimizing transport logistics to save time and costs. With more than 40 years of experience and record-breaking algorithms in route planning and tour optimization, the software empowers logistics companies to realize the theoretical savings potential of route planning automation in practice.

Delivery Management Platform Chosen for Planning and Route Optimisation

Posted on 2 December, 202029 July, 2025 by David Priestman

Unimasters has chosen eLogii, a Delivery Management and Route Optimisation solution to replace static with fully dynamic delivery tour planning. The result will be in significantly reduced tour numbers in their first and last mile operations and greatly enhanced efficiency.

Unimasters is an advanced supply chain management company with regional infrastructure and global reach through first-class partners in 178 countries. The company provides managed transportation and logistics-as-a-service to a wide range of multinational and local customers. Unimasters had trialled a number of solutions with the aim of moving to fully dynamic planning, improving delivery accuracy, saving processing time and driving improved customer service and had struggled to find a solution with the combination of flexibility, configurability and scalability that it needed.

With eLogii’s powerful SaaS solution, Unimasters is now able to have complete, dynamic control over pickup and delivery operations, including automated planning (taking into account all relevant operational parameters) and route optimisation of first and last mile, while providing total visibility for both their operations teams and their customers.

According to Nikolai Bozhilov, Executive Chairman of Unimasters Logistics Plc, “We have been extremely impressed with the capabilities of the eLogii solution, as well as the value for money that the solution provides. The solution is enterprise-grade, but our teams find it as easy to use as consumer software. We forecast significant savings, as well as a materially enhanced customer experience which is why we are looking forward to a strong multi-year partnership together.”

“Enterprise-grade logistics software doesn’t have to be so difficult to use or overpriced – we have the most user friendly, cost-effective solution in the market, which we will build into the market standard when it comes to Delivery Management” says Andrew Mukerjee, Founder and CEO of eLogii/Brisqq. “Unimasters is an extremely forward-thinking business which always puts the customer first, and we are looking forward to supporting their growth by enabling a phenomenal customer experience for years to come”.

Dock Slot Booking

Posted on 1 December, 202029 July, 2025 by David Priestman

An easy-to-implement smart booking function can eradicate inconvenience and inefficiency at the warehouse unloading dock. Paul Hamblin reports.

Here’s the scenario. You’re running a warehouse with several trucks arriving every day. Trouble is, you don’t know exactly when a certain truck is coming and exactly what’s on it when it does. You can’t match it to the specific equipment that might be needed to unload it and you don’t know how many people from your side you need physically to perform that task, whether a small amount of pallets or whether a full truckload.

From an efficiency perspective, it would be very helpful if you knew that sort of information for the day in advance – approximately how many lorries are coming, how big they are, what they’re carrying and when to expect them. Are they carrying bulk goods or packed goods or something in between? You need to know these things so that you can be properly prepared with the equipment and people necessary to process the arrival quickly and cost-effectively. Vice-versa with an outbound pickup – you can have the goods ready to be loaded at the right dock at the right time.

Then think of the carrier – waiting patiently in line, the driver twiddling thumbs until their turn comes up. Not the best use of time for all parties. What you all need is something to plan and coordinate this effort, a single source of information available to all stakeholders, making life more efficient and cost-effective for shippers and transport and warehouse managers alike. With such a facility, speed and cost are both optimised, to the benefit of shipper, carrier and warehouse.

Step forward transport software specialist Alpega TMS with a slot management and dock scheduling software solution that is both quick and easy to implement. Carolyn Hunt, Alpega’s Brussels-based Director of Go to Market TMS, explains how it works: “It starts by creating a virtual twin of the inbound/outbound facility. It shows how many docks they have and what type of goods are loaded into those docks.The warehouse then sets up its schedule, to include working hours. Once that’s set, the carrier actually goes into the system with its proposed truckload. The system will
then automatically choose the right dock for that carrier to book, and the most appropriate available time slot for that location based on specific product requirements.”

Realtime warehouse visibility is enhanced by an easy-to-use, customisable interface. Jean-Yves Lemelle, Product Manager for Alpega TMS Smart Booking Solution, explains that user experience has been key to the success of the product (developed from the former Transwide solution) which was launched last year and which already has several blue-chip companies, including Maersk, onboard. Admin for shippers and carriers is reduced. “We try to provide an interface for warehouse users which gives them as many configurations as possible, so that they have inbound and outbound options available matching exactly what they wish. Then we focus on the experience of the carrier so that they have the least information possible to provide, yet giving them the most
optimal dock and time slot.”

A familiar USP of Alpega TMS is its modularity. It enables customers to move at the pace they wish on the digital journey. The tool can be bought as a stand-alone or as part of a complete suite of end-to-end TMS solutions. “A lot of shippers want to get started on that path of digitalization, and I think this is a good tool to get started with, because it can be implemented very quickly,” points out Carolyn Hunt. “It’s quite self explanatory and easy to use, and it shows immediate benefits, to both the shipper and the carrier.”

Jean-Yves Lemelle adds: “I think it’s also important to highlight that we’re committed to making this tool as self service as possible, enabled by having configurations that other competitive
products are not able to offer.”

Tag: route planning