Gentle Handling for 6000 Parcels per Hour

You can just hear each other while Mikropakket’s 50-metre-long electrically powered sorting belt rapidly transports and distributes the various parcels to the thirty inclined discharge conveyors, known as chutes, in PostNL’s Nieuwegein warehouse. In addition to rollers, the chutes also contain brake rollers, so that heavy parcels are automatically braked and do not crowd the lighter or fragile parcels: gentle handling.

“Previously, we still sorted Mikropakket’s parcels manually,” says Roy Rachman, programme manager at PostNL Logistic Solutions. “That took a lot of manpower and was inefficient. Also because we handle all kinds of different parcels. Large, small, heavy, light, fragile, and so on. Everything mixed together. At this new location, we have concentrated three business units of Logistic Solutions -Mikropakket, Pharma & Care and E-Commerce fulfilment- in one fully modernised building, employing some 40 people in total. At Mikropakket, we now sort about 15,000 parcels a day, but if the expected growth continues, we can easily scale this up to 96,000 parcels if we have to. The system can handle it.”

Intensive collaboration

Rachman supervised the transformation of the former Tata Steel building in Nieuwegein into the sorting centre that is now the flagship of PostNL Logistic Solutions. For the sorting solution, he approached several providers. “EAE Solutions came out on top,” says Rachman. “Precisely because they are a ‘new kid on the block’, because they dared to stick their necks out, because they had an innovative view of sorting machines and their control, and because they thought intensively about our requirements. In close cooperation, we perfected the concept within a year.”

Smart algorithms

The sorting machine EAE Solutions designed for PostNL is produced by established international partner Wayzim, and has been upgraded to western, and PostNL-specific, quality requirements. “This makes the machine more affordable than comparable machines, while you don’t have to compromise on quality and sorting performance,” says Rachman. Distinctive elements such as the electrically driven conveyor belt make the sorting machine almost silent and ensure that maintenance or repair is minimised. A sophisticated measuring, weighing and scanning system based on smart algorithms in the control system ensures that every parcel is moved to one of the chutes at the right place on the belt, through the narrow transverse roller belts that are very ingeniously incorporated into the large sorting belt.

Rapid visual monitoring

“We have our roots in the printing industry,” says Corbin Joosen, Head of Solution Design at EAE Solutions. He is responsible for implementing the new cross belt system at PostNL. “For example, controlling the colour register when printing a newspaper. That is done at 15 metres per second. From that, this speciality arose: lightning-fast visual monitoring and control of logistical processes. These smart cameras, called IAS (Item Analysis System), are included in our control system and ensure that every parcel is handled in the right fast and efficient way.”

First in Europe

The cross belt sorter that EAE Solutions has now installed at PostNL is the first in Europe to be supplied completely by EAE. Founded in 1962, EAE has been designing and manufacturing complex industrial control systems for graphics and the intralogistics market for more than 60 years, with sorting and conveying machines as its core competence.

So far, EAE has mostly supplied its control systems to manufacturers of sorting machines. Now the company also has its own line of cross belt sorters: the EAE Flow.E-Cross. During the user acceptance test, Rachman, without prior notice, placed two boxes of pastries on the belt to test how gentle the handling was. The outcome was positive; completely unscathed, the tompouces could be eaten afterwards.

Gentle Handling for 6000 Parcels per Hour

You can just hear each other while Mikropakket’s 50-metre-long electrically powered sorting belt rapidly transports and distributes the various parcels to the thirty inclined discharge conveyors, known as chutes, in PostNL’s Nieuwegein warehouse. In addition to rollers, the chutes also contain brake rollers, so that heavy parcels are automatically braked and do not crowd the lighter or fragile parcels: gentle handling.

“Previously, we still sorted Mikropakket’s parcels manually,” says Roy Rachman, programme manager at PostNL Logistic Solutions. “That took a lot of manpower and was inefficient. Also because we handle all kinds of different parcels. Large, small, heavy, light, fragile, and so on. Everything mixed together. At this new location, we have concentrated three business units of Logistic Solutions -Mikropakket, Pharma & Care and E-Commerce fulfilment- in one fully modernised building, employing some 40 people in total. At Mikropakket, we now sort about 15,000 parcels a day, but if the expected growth continues, we can easily scale this up to 96,000 parcels if we have to. The system can handle it.”

Intensive collaboration

Rachman supervised the transformation of the former Tata Steel building in Nieuwegein into the sorting centre that is now the flagship of PostNL Logistic Solutions. For the sorting solution, he approached several providers. “EAE Solutions came out on top,” says Rachman. “Precisely because they are a ‘new kid on the block’, because they dared to stick their necks out, because they had an innovative view of sorting machines and their control, and because they thought intensively about our requirements. In close cooperation, we perfected the concept within a year.”

Smart algorithms

The sorting machine EAE Solutions designed for PostNL is produced by established international partner Wayzim, and has been upgraded to western, and PostNL-specific, quality requirements. “This makes the machine more affordable than comparable machines, while you don’t have to compromise on quality and sorting performance,” says Rachman. Distinctive elements such as the electrically driven conveyor belt make the sorting machine almost silent and ensure that maintenance or repair is minimised. A sophisticated measuring, weighing and scanning system based on smart algorithms in the control system ensures that every parcel is moved to one of the chutes at the right place on the belt, through the narrow transverse roller belts that are very ingeniously incorporated into the large sorting belt.

Rapid visual monitoring

“We have our roots in the printing industry,” says Corbin Joosen, Head of Solution Design at EAE Solutions. He is responsible for implementing the new cross belt system at PostNL. “For example, controlling the colour register when printing a newspaper. That is done at 15 metres per second. From that, this speciality arose: lightning-fast visual monitoring and control of logistical processes. These smart cameras, called IAS (Item Analysis System), are included in our control system and ensure that every parcel is handled in the right fast and efficient way.”

First in Europe

The cross belt sorter that EAE Solutions has now installed at PostNL is the first in Europe to be supplied completely by EAE. Founded in 1962, EAE has been designing and manufacturing complex industrial control systems for graphics and the intralogistics market for more than 60 years, with sorting and conveying machines as its core competence.

So far, EAE has mostly supplied its control systems to manufacturers of sorting machines. Now the company also has its own line of cross belt sorters: the EAE Flow.E-Cross. During the user acceptance test, Rachman, without prior notice, placed two boxes of pastries on the belt to test how gentle the handling was. The outcome was positive; completely unscathed, the tompouces could be eaten afterwards.

Haulier Buys New Tipper Trailers

Farming and haulage company, Pearn Wyatt & Son, has taken delivery of two bulk tippers, continuing a close relationship with Fruehauf that spans more than five decades.

The Norwich, Norfolk, UK firm has added the new sloper Smoothsider tippers from Fruehauf’s Ready to Go stock. The 70 cubic yard capacity trailers join the fleet just a few months after the company purchased a second-hand tipper from the manufacturer.

Of the 14 bulk tippers operated by the business, all paired with Volvo tractor units, 12 are sourced from Fruehauf – including one put into service in 2004 which continues to meet its agricultural haulage needs.

Owner Jonny Wyatt, who runs the company with his mother Anne, says the business has relied heavily on the tipping trailer manufacturer for so many years because its products are, “exceptionally well-built, reliable and offer a high payload.”

“My father had Fruehauf tippers 50 years ago and we’ve always been happy with its trailers. They really stand the test of time,” he says. “In our business, we work them hard, so the fact we have several trailers on the fleet that are more than 15 years old is testament to their quality.”

In the summer months, the Fruehauf tippers will mainly transport corn, wheat and barley, as well as some aggregates, across the UK, whilst in the winter the focus shifts to moving sugar beet.
The sloper Smoothsiders are specified with remote-controlled electric easy sheets and tailboards, both of which can be operated by the driver from inside the cab.

Commenting on Fruehauf’s service, Wyatt adds: “The turnaround time was much better than expected, given the industry-wide supply shortage and long lead times. From order to delivery was just three months. We look forward to growing our relationship with Fruehauf for decades to come.”

Fruehauf’s sloper Smoothsider trailers are produced at its 73-acre site in Grantham, Lincolnshire, where the company offers specialist design, engineering, fabrication and livery application for a range of vehicles and components.

Haulier Buys New Tipper Trailers

Farming and haulage company, Pearn Wyatt & Son, has taken delivery of two bulk tippers, continuing a close relationship with Fruehauf that spans more than five decades.

The Norwich, Norfolk, UK firm has added the new sloper Smoothsider tippers from Fruehauf’s Ready to Go stock. The 70 cubic yard capacity trailers join the fleet just a few months after the company purchased a second-hand tipper from the manufacturer.

Of the 14 bulk tippers operated by the business, all paired with Volvo tractor units, 12 are sourced from Fruehauf – including one put into service in 2004 which continues to meet its agricultural haulage needs.

Owner Jonny Wyatt, who runs the company with his mother Anne, says the business has relied heavily on the tipping trailer manufacturer for so many years because its products are, “exceptionally well-built, reliable and offer a high payload.”

“My father had Fruehauf tippers 50 years ago and we’ve always been happy with its trailers. They really stand the test of time,” he says. “In our business, we work them hard, so the fact we have several trailers on the fleet that are more than 15 years old is testament to their quality.”

In the summer months, the Fruehauf tippers will mainly transport corn, wheat and barley, as well as some aggregates, across the UK, whilst in the winter the focus shifts to moving sugar beet.
The sloper Smoothsiders are specified with remote-controlled electric easy sheets and tailboards, both of which can be operated by the driver from inside the cab.

Commenting on Fruehauf’s service, Wyatt adds: “The turnaround time was much better than expected, given the industry-wide supply shortage and long lead times. From order to delivery was just three months. We look forward to growing our relationship with Fruehauf for decades to come.”

Fruehauf’s sloper Smoothsider trailers are produced at its 73-acre site in Grantham, Lincolnshire, where the company offers specialist design, engineering, fabrication and livery application for a range of vehicles and components.

IO-Link for Auto-ID Devices

SICK has pioneered the addition of IO-Link to two of its most compact and industry-standard identification devices. Both the SICK CLV61X fixed-mount 1D bar code reading scanner and the RFU61X UHF RFID read/write device were first to market with IO-Link variants, enhancing the integration versatility of SICK’s identification portfolio.

Both the SICK CLV61X and the RFU61X are already well known for their compact dimensions and wide-ranging connectivity with standard communications interfaces. The addition of IO-Link opens up opportunities to configure edge integrations with other IO-Link sensors and IO-Link Masters. It promises to improve data transparency from the lowest field level right up to the Cloud.
With IO-Link, using either device for identification also presents an opportunity to reduce cabling significantly, lowering costs and enabling more efficient installation. IO-Link also facilitates rapid commissioning, as well as easy device replacement.

IO-Link Integrations ‘Make Sense’

“It is rare for identification devices to be used in isolation,” explains Darren Pratt, SICK’s Market Product Manager for Identification. “They are almost always used with presence detection sensors for triggering or measurement sensors for classifying or measuring. Such sensors now frequently use IO-Link to provide access to additional data for diagnostic purposes. So, it makes sense for the customer to use IO-Link for their identification devices, too. Using IO-Link results in a common interface infrastructure with low-cost plug-and-play cabling, while still providing access to diagnostic data and enabling configuration via the communications network.”

Both the CLV61X and the RFU61X already offer highly-versatile connectivity with Ethernet/IP and PROFINET protocols, and an option for a single Power-over-Ethernet connection. Both devices offer a direct connection option for a trigger sensor.

Excellent Reading Performance

THE CLV 61X’s is used in many industries thanks to its highly-reliable 1D code reading performance across a wide reading field even at short distances, ideal for many common identification tasks on a conveyor belt. With SMART620 code reconstruction, even damaged, contaminated and partially-obscured barcodes are read consistently. Some CLV61X variants come with integrated heating in order to work reliably even in deep-freeze environments down to -35 °C.

Compact and Rugged

The smallest industrial UHF RFID read/write device of its kind, the SICK RFU61X needs an installation space of just 80 x 92 x 38 mm and achieves an impressive scanning range up to 0.5metres. The innovative design of the SICK RFU61X combines in-built antenna, intelligent control and connectivity into a single, rugged, IP67 aluminium housing. Compact and economic integration into tight spaces is therefore assured because there is no need for a separate connection box, and cabling is minimised.

The SICK RFU61X is ideal for applications such as tracking of smaller parts, sub-assemblies and electronic components, materials handling in e-Kanban processes, identifying pallets on a roller conveyor, or monitoring consignment transfers onto smaller Automated Guided Vehicles and Carts.

Off-Site Configuration Options

Pratt concludes: “The choice of identification device depends very much on the individual applications, with RFID devices offering a solution in dirty and dusty environments, where direct line-of-sight is obscured or where identification data needs to be both written and read. Increasingly, operators are choosing to have a section of conveyor configured off-site, including barcode scanners, RFID and photocells. With these two IO-Link devices, the wiring concept can be much more straightforward so on-site installation and commissioning is much quicker and easier.”

IO-Link for Auto-ID Devices

SICK has pioneered the addition of IO-Link to two of its most compact and industry-standard identification devices. Both the SICK CLV61X fixed-mount 1D bar code reading scanner and the RFU61X UHF RFID read/write device were first to market with IO-Link variants, enhancing the integration versatility of SICK’s identification portfolio.

Both the SICK CLV61X and the RFU61X are already well known for their compact dimensions and wide-ranging connectivity with standard communications interfaces. The addition of IO-Link opens up opportunities to configure edge integrations with other IO-Link sensors and IO-Link Masters. It promises to improve data transparency from the lowest field level right up to the Cloud.
With IO-Link, using either device for identification also presents an opportunity to reduce cabling significantly, lowering costs and enabling more efficient installation. IO-Link also facilitates rapid commissioning, as well as easy device replacement.

IO-Link Integrations ‘Make Sense’

“It is rare for identification devices to be used in isolation,” explains Darren Pratt, SICK’s Market Product Manager for Identification. “They are almost always used with presence detection sensors for triggering or measurement sensors for classifying or measuring. Such sensors now frequently use IO-Link to provide access to additional data for diagnostic purposes. So, it makes sense for the customer to use IO-Link for their identification devices, too. Using IO-Link results in a common interface infrastructure with low-cost plug-and-play cabling, while still providing access to diagnostic data and enabling configuration via the communications network.”

Both the CLV61X and the RFU61X already offer highly-versatile connectivity with Ethernet/IP and PROFINET protocols, and an option for a single Power-over-Ethernet connection. Both devices offer a direct connection option for a trigger sensor.

Excellent Reading Performance

THE CLV 61X’s is used in many industries thanks to its highly-reliable 1D code reading performance across a wide reading field even at short distances, ideal for many common identification tasks on a conveyor belt. With SMART620 code reconstruction, even damaged, contaminated and partially-obscured barcodes are read consistently. Some CLV61X variants come with integrated heating in order to work reliably even in deep-freeze environments down to -35 °C.

Compact and Rugged

The smallest industrial UHF RFID read/write device of its kind, the SICK RFU61X needs an installation space of just 80 x 92 x 38 mm and achieves an impressive scanning range up to 0.5metres. The innovative design of the SICK RFU61X combines in-built antenna, intelligent control and connectivity into a single, rugged, IP67 aluminium housing. Compact and economic integration into tight spaces is therefore assured because there is no need for a separate connection box, and cabling is minimised.

The SICK RFU61X is ideal for applications such as tracking of smaller parts, sub-assemblies and electronic components, materials handling in e-Kanban processes, identifying pallets on a roller conveyor, or monitoring consignment transfers onto smaller Automated Guided Vehicles and Carts.

Off-Site Configuration Options

Pratt concludes: “The choice of identification device depends very much on the individual applications, with RFID devices offering a solution in dirty and dusty environments, where direct line-of-sight is obscured or where identification data needs to be both written and read. Increasingly, operators are choosing to have a section of conveyor configured off-site, including barcode scanners, RFID and photocells. With these two IO-Link devices, the wiring concept can be much more straightforward so on-site installation and commissioning is much quicker and easier.”

Sustainable Warehouse Automation Options

Can warehouse automation advance sustainability? Dan Migliozzi, Head of Sales at independent systems integrator, Invar Group, looks at the options available.

Logistics and supply chain professionals are increasingly concerned about the sustainability of their operations, and in particular, about the environmental performance of their warehouses and DCs. What’s more, they have to be. Their customers are demanding ever greater and more demonstrable levels of sustainability.

This applies across the board, from how their facilities are constructed, to impacts on land use, hydrology and infrastructure requirements, transport movements generated, and of course how the facility itself is equipped and operated. As labour becomes scarcer, many businesses are considering automating warehouse processes. So, a big question for a growing number of companies is, can automation be used to advance sustainability within the warehouse?

Applied appropriately, higher levels of automation should lead to greater efficiency, less waste – including but not confined to fuel and energy – and therefore a more sustainable operation. In practice, things are not quite so clear-cut. Automation that is poorly thought out, mis-directed, inappropriately scaled, or implemented with substandard equipment, can impact both operational and environmental performance. However, a well-planned and implemented automation project can yield many sustainability benefits.

A big question is, should the automation be housed in an existing building, or is a new build designed around the requirements of automation a more sustainable solution?

A new build obviously generates a lot of carbon and uses other resources in its materials and construction. Also, a greenfield site will almost certainly impact the ‘natural’ environment, may influence drainage and groundwater and requires new infrastructure. But a new build can be designed to accommodate sustainability features such as solar panels, heat pumps, wind turbines, energy-conserving doorways, airlocks and insulation.

However, automation in an existing building may make better use of space, removing the need for physical expansion or any need to move. Exactly which option works best is a complex equation and depends on the long-term strategy of the business. Whether in a new build or refurbished premises, automation can create many other sustainability benefits beyond the walls of the shed. More accurate and timely order fulfilment can reduce the size of truck park required – fewer acres under concrete. And to the extent that headcount is reduced, that is fewer staff bringing in and parking private vehicles.

Automation can lend itself to, at least partial, ‘lights out’ operation, if appropriate, saving considerable cost and energy. Incorporating a sophisticated Building Management System which optimises the needs of manual and automated operation can yield real cost and sustainability benefits.

So, what are the sustainability issues to consider when selecting the technology? Sourcing/procurement is one area to take up with the vendor or integrator. Are machines and materials traceable to suppliers with acceptable records on their own sustainability? How much power is consumed per unit of output? Does the design of the automated system minimise the number of motors in use? Is the most energy efficient technology being considered? Could gravity be put to good use? Do control systems allow lower power consumption at times of light usage? What recharging facilities and procedures are used for Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) or other electric powered vehicles?

Unpowered elements also matter. Do conveyor components have the lowest coefficient of friction? This can make a huge difference – we know an installation where low friction belts saved 65% of power consumption which, given there were seven miles of conveyor, amounted to 20% of the consumption of the whole building.

Reputable integrators and vendors should supply reliable estimates of energy consumption, related to levels of usage as part of the bidding process. They should also detail their approach to SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) or other approaches to monitoring energy use as part of the control system for the automation. In use, this should be able to highlight areas where power consumption is high, perhaps pointing to a need for better equipment or different modes of operation.

This approach may also uncover areas where performance is deteriorating. Vendor equipment comes with detailed Preventative Maintenance schedules for good reason – it isn’t just a ploy to ramp up spare parts sales – which, incidentally, should always be authentic parts even if they are more costly. Without proper maintenance, performance will inevitably deteriorate, and sustainability will diminish, quite possibly ending with an expensive line stoppage.

Taken all together, the potential for automation to deliver real sustainability, as well as economic gains, is clearly evident.

Sustainable Warehouse Automation Options

Can warehouse automation advance sustainability? Dan Migliozzi, Head of Sales at independent systems integrator, Invar Group, looks at the options available.

Logistics and supply chain professionals are increasingly concerned about the sustainability of their operations, and in particular, about the environmental performance of their warehouses and DCs. What’s more, they have to be. Their customers are demanding ever greater and more demonstrable levels of sustainability.

This applies across the board, from how their facilities are constructed, to impacts on land use, hydrology and infrastructure requirements, transport movements generated, and of course how the facility itself is equipped and operated. As labour becomes scarcer, many businesses are considering automating warehouse processes. So, a big question for a growing number of companies is, can automation be used to advance sustainability within the warehouse?

Applied appropriately, higher levels of automation should lead to greater efficiency, less waste – including but not confined to fuel and energy – and therefore a more sustainable operation. In practice, things are not quite so clear-cut. Automation that is poorly thought out, mis-directed, inappropriately scaled, or implemented with substandard equipment, can impact both operational and environmental performance. However, a well-planned and implemented automation project can yield many sustainability benefits.

A big question is, should the automation be housed in an existing building, or is a new build designed around the requirements of automation a more sustainable solution?

A new build obviously generates a lot of carbon and uses other resources in its materials and construction. Also, a greenfield site will almost certainly impact the ‘natural’ environment, may influence drainage and groundwater and requires new infrastructure. But a new build can be designed to accommodate sustainability features such as solar panels, heat pumps, wind turbines, energy-conserving doorways, airlocks and insulation.

However, automation in an existing building may make better use of space, removing the need for physical expansion or any need to move. Exactly which option works best is a complex equation and depends on the long-term strategy of the business. Whether in a new build or refurbished premises, automation can create many other sustainability benefits beyond the walls of the shed. More accurate and timely order fulfilment can reduce the size of truck park required – fewer acres under concrete. And to the extent that headcount is reduced, that is fewer staff bringing in and parking private vehicles.

Automation can lend itself to, at least partial, ‘lights out’ operation, if appropriate, saving considerable cost and energy. Incorporating a sophisticated Building Management System which optimises the needs of manual and automated operation can yield real cost and sustainability benefits.

So, what are the sustainability issues to consider when selecting the technology? Sourcing/procurement is one area to take up with the vendor or integrator. Are machines and materials traceable to suppliers with acceptable records on their own sustainability? How much power is consumed per unit of output? Does the design of the automated system minimise the number of motors in use? Is the most energy efficient technology being considered? Could gravity be put to good use? Do control systems allow lower power consumption at times of light usage? What recharging facilities and procedures are used for Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) or other electric powered vehicles?

Unpowered elements also matter. Do conveyor components have the lowest coefficient of friction? This can make a huge difference – we know an installation where low friction belts saved 65% of power consumption which, given there were seven miles of conveyor, amounted to 20% of the consumption of the whole building.

Reputable integrators and vendors should supply reliable estimates of energy consumption, related to levels of usage as part of the bidding process. They should also detail their approach to SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) or other approaches to monitoring energy use as part of the control system for the automation. In use, this should be able to highlight areas where power consumption is high, perhaps pointing to a need for better equipment or different modes of operation.

This approach may also uncover areas where performance is deteriorating. Vendor equipment comes with detailed Preventative Maintenance schedules for good reason – it isn’t just a ploy to ramp up spare parts sales – which, incidentally, should always be authentic parts even if they are more costly. Without proper maintenance, performance will inevitably deteriorate, and sustainability will diminish, quite possibly ending with an expensive line stoppage.

Taken all together, the potential for automation to deliver real sustainability, as well as economic gains, is clearly evident.

Key Insights into Maritime Emissions

VesselBot, a technology company that brings transparency to Scope 3 transportation emissions, has released the December 2023 edition of its comprehensive report titled ‘Decoding Maritime Emissions – Highs, Lows, and Green Leaders across global ocean routes.’

This pivotal document sheds light on the development of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the shipping and freight industry, a critical factor in global climate change mitigation efforts.

Key Statistics:

1. Downward Trend in Emissions: The average emissions per kg/tonne have improved since last year. Between January and July, 2023 emissions have dropped by 12% compared to the same period last year. When comparing the emissions by trade lane, North Europe to the Middle East showed the best improvement in 2023 (Jan-Jul) compared to the same period in 2022 with a 75% drop in emissions.

2. Improvements by Vessel Groups: Three vessel groups, namely VLCS, ULCS, and Post Panamax II, exhibited significant reductions in emissions in 2023. Each group demonstrated a reduction of over 20% compared to the emissions recorded in the previous year. Although the improvement should be welcomed and is plausible, the report delves into the possible factors that may have contributed to this achievement.

3. Emissions by Country of Departure: In the year 2023, New Zealand recorded the highest average emissions per tonne among countries of loading at 222 kg per tonne of cargo shipped. Conversely, the United Arab Emirates recorded the lowest at 71 kg per tonne.

Invitation to Action:

This report is an essential read for anyone involved in the maritime industry, environmental policy-making, or global trade. It not only celebrates the progress made in certain areas but also highlights the ongoing challenges, underscoring the urgency for continued action and innovation.

We encourage all stakeholders, including industry leaders, policymakers, and environmental advocates, to download and read the full ‘Decoding Maritime Emissions’ report for detailed insights. This comprehensive analysis is a testament to the possible change and a roadmap for further reducing the maritime industry’s carbon footprint.

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